Vaccinations are one of the most effective tools in preventive medicine. They protect individual cats from serious infectious diseases and contribute to community immunity in the broader cat population. Understanding the difference between core and non-core vaccines, and why schedules vary, helps cat owners make informed decisions.
Core Vaccines
Core vaccines are recommended for all cats regardless of lifestyle because the diseases they prevent are widespread, serious, and potentially transmissible to humans. The core feline vaccines are: FVRCP — a combination shot protecting against feline viral rhinotracheitis (herpesvirus), calicivirus, and panleukopenia — and rabies. All three of these diseases can be fatal, and rabies is also a public health concern.
Non-Core Vaccines
Feline leukemia (FeLV) vaccine is recommended for kittens and for outdoor cats or cats in households with FeLV-positive cats. FIV (feline immunodeficiency virus, sometimes called feline AIDS) vaccine is controversial and not widely recommended by most veterinarians due to limited efficacy. Bordetella bronchiseptica vaccine may be required by some boarding facilities.
Vaccine Schedule
Kittens receive their first FVRCP shot at six to eight weeks, with boosters every three to four weeks until sixteen weeks of age. After the initial series, vaccination for adult cats is typically every three years for FVRCP. Rabies vaccination intervals depend on the vaccine type and local laws — one year in some jurisdictions, three years in others.